Queer Cafe

CNN: Queen Pardons Alan Turing

Gay Mathematician and Codebreaker Alan Turing

After over 60 years, British mathematician, Alan Turning, was finally pardoned by Queen Elizabeth II for the crime of being gay.

Alan Turing was among the most important Britons of the 20th century. A developer of the modern computer, the renowned mathematician helped shape the future of technology. He was also a World War II code breaker who helped crack the most impenetrable Nazi tool of secret communications, the famed Enigma code.

None of that seemed to matter, however. In 1952, Turing was convicted of "gross indecency" for homosexuality, then a crime in England. As part of his sentence, he was chemically castrated and subjected to estrogen treatments. Two years later, he committed suicide. He was 41 years old.

On December 24, 2013, Alan Turing finally received a posthumous royal pardon from Queen Elizabeth II. Back in 2009, Prime Minister Gordon Brown issued a formal apology on behalf of the nation. The story of his life was made into a major motion picture, The Imitation Game.

BBC History: Alan Turing

Wikipedia: Alan Turing

IMDB: The Imitation Game NBC: Alan Turing is First Gay Man on a British Bank Note

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Alan Turing's Face Is Now on a New £50 Note in United Kingdom

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Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo: Lesbian and STI Expert to Succeed Fauci at NIAID

Marrazzo will be the first out member of the LGBTQ community to head the institute

Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo, director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, will succeed Dr. Anthony Fauci as director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and she will be the first member of the LGBTQ community to hold the post.

Marrazzo, a lesbian, is an expert on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, and some of her research has involved pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and microbicides. She is also known for her research on hormonal contraception and infections of the female reproductive tract, according to a press release from the National Institutes of Health, of which NIAID is part.

Jeanne Marrazzo Selected to Succeed Fauci at the NIH
Lesbian and STI Expert Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo to Succeed Fauci at NIAID
Out Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo to Replace Dr. Anthony Fauci at NIAID

“Dr. Marrazzo brings a wealth of leadership experience from leading international clinical trials and translational research, managing a complex organizational budget that includes research funding and mentoring trainees in all stages of professional development,” Dr. Lawrence A. Tabak, acting NIH director, said in the release.

Fauci, famed for his role in fighting HIV and for his leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic, retired in December 2022 after leading NIAID since 1984. Dr. Hugh Auchincloss Jr. has been acting director of NIAID since then. Marrazzo is expected to begin her duties in the fall of 2023.

Marrazzo appeared frequently in the media as an expert on COVID as well, and fellow scientists say she brings wide and deep experience to her new post. “I think what’s remarkable about her is not that she’s known in a singular area, but that she’s broadly respected in a broad range of areas,” Sharon Hillier, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, told NPR. Hillier added, “She’s known as an exquisite clinician. She’s known as an exquisite teacher.”

NIAID conducts and supports research to better understand, treat, and prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases, making annual grants of more than $6 billion. Marrazzo’s expertise in STIs is leading to hopes that more research will be directed at them.

Jeanne Marrazzo Selected to Succeed Fauci at the NIH
Lesbian and STI Expert Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo to Succeed Fauci at NIAID
Out Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo to Replace Dr. Anthony Fauci at NIAID

“For STIs, we need better therapeutics, vaccines, and point-of-care diagnostics,” David Harvey, director of the National Coalition of STD Directors, said. “These are all things that Dr. Marrazzo happens to be an absolute expert at, and we’re very excited and hopeful that more resources will be put into these priorities.” Marrazzo’s work includes a study of how stigma affected HIV prevention efforts among African women.

PrEP4All, which seeks to assure that HIV medication is available to all those who need it, likewise praised Marrazzo’s appointment. “At a time where infectious disease threats are on the rise globally and preventive and sexual health has come under attack for women and LGBTQ communities around the world, Dr. Marrazzo’s demonstrated commitment to addressing HIV and STIs in marginalized populations will be of enormous value in ensuring that the research needs of vulnerable communities are met.”

Colleagues have also lauded Marrazzo as an effective communicator and someone who, while serious about her work, knows how to have fun. Jennifer Balkus, an epidemiologist at the Seattle-King County public health department, told NPR that at a conference she and Marrazzo attend each year, “Part of the meeting culminates in a gala dance, and Jeannie is always, always on the dance floor.”

Before joining the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Marrazzo was a professor at the University of Washington. She grew up in Pennsylvania, did her undergraduate studies at Harvard University, and went to medical school at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia.

[Source: Trudy Ring, Advocate, August 2023]

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Dr. Susan Love: Biographical Notes

Susan Love, Outspoken Lesbian Doctor and Breast Cancer Expert, Dies at 75

Dr. Susan Love, a physician who took an iconoclastic approach to the detection and treatment of breast cancer, has died at age 75. Love, who was out as a lesbian throughout her high-profile career, died in July 2023 at her Los Angeles home after a recurrence of leukemia.

Ubiquitous, energetic, forthright (some critics said brash) and at times controversial, Dr. Love, it was generally agreed, helped reshape both the doctor’s role and the patient’s with respect to the treatment of breast cancer, which kills more than 43,000 women in the United States annually.

Love was skeptical about mastectomy (removal of a breast) as a cancer treatment, saying that whenever possible, surgeons should remove only the cancerous lump and follow up with radiation. “Wanting to keep your breast is not about vanity,” she once said. “It’s about being intact as a person.”

Susan Love: Outspoken Lesbian Doctor and Breast Cancer Expert Dies at 75

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She questioned the value of mammograms for young women, as their dense breast tissue makes it hard to detect cancer through that exam. She recommended that women wait until age 50 to undergo annual mammograms, but most medical authorities still urge that women start at age 40.

Beginning in the 1990s, she expressed doubts about the benefits of hormone replacement therapy to treat the effects of menopause. “Her position was vindicated some years later, when the therapy was found to increase the risk of breast cancer, heart disease and strokes.”

She further encouraged patients to take an active role in their treatment and not be afraid to question and challenge their doctors. She also urged doctors and other health care professionals to be attentive.

As director of the University of California, Los Angeles, Breast Center in the early 1990s, Love rejected the standard protocol that had a patient running all over town, her X-rays in her bag, seeing one specialist after another and waiting for them to talk and get back to her. At the UCLA center, a patient spent the afternoon in an exam room, as one specialist after another came to see her. After that, the doctors sat together to generate a treatment plan, which made little sense in terms of the economics of medical practices, but all the sense in the world for the care of patients.

She was particularly interested in isolating the causes of breast cancer so as to prevent it. She developed a technique to analyze cells in the breast’s milk ducts for indications of cancer risk, but because the test is difficult and expensive, it is not used frequently. There has yet to be a definitive determination of what causes the disease.

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Love took issue with the assertion that lesbians have an elevated risk of breast cancer. “Studies have identified some of the factors that increase breast cancer risk, and anyone, straight or gay, who has these risk factors — such as never getting pregnant, drinking more than one drink a day, being overweight, not going to the doctor regularly — is at higher risk,” she said. “There is nothing about being a lesbian, per se, that puts you at higher risk.”

In addition to her medical practice, she taught at Harvard University’s medical school and at UCLA’s. She helped found the National Breast Cancer Coalition in 1991, and in 1995 she became medical director at the Santa Barbara Breast Cancer Institute, a research organization in California. It is now known as the Dr. Susan Love Foundation for Breast Cancer Research, based in West Hollywood. One of its projects is the Love Research Army, which recruits volunteers to participate in clinical studies.

She wrote books including Dr. Susan Love’s Breast Book, aimed at a lay audience and relied upon by a legion of breast cancer patients. It has sold half a million copies. The first edition came out in 1990, and the seventh is set to be published this fall. Among her other writings is Dr. Susan Love’s Menopause and Hormone Book.

She was out in her professional life, she said, in order to provide a role model for others. She married Dr. Helen Sperry Cooksey, a surgeon, in 2004 in San Francisco during the brief period that then-Mayor Gavin Newsom declared same-sex marriage legal in the city. The women had been partners for years and had a daughter, Katie Patton-LoveCooksey. Love carried their daughter, and their joint legal adoption of her in 1993 was the first by a same-sex couple in Massachusetts.

[Source: Trudy Ring, Advocate, July 2023]

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Dr. Jesse Ehrenfeld: New President of American Medical Association

As of June 2023, the new president of the American Medical Association will be Dr. Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, who will be the first queer person to head the 176-year-old organization.

“At present, we have so many health issues affecting our community, particularly among our trans youth, so it’s more important than ever to be vigilant,” said Dr. Ehrenfeld. As the nation's preeminent professional organization of doctors and medical students, the AMA lobbies for its 270,000+ members and promotes "the art and science of medicine and the betterment of public health."

Ehrenfeld is currently a senior associate dean and a tenured professor of anesthesiology and director of Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment at the Medical College of Wisconsin. He was elected to the AMA’s Board of Trustees in 2014. He is also a combat veteran who deployed to Afghanistan during both Operation Enduring Freedom and Resolute Support Mission.

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In a wide-ranging interview about health issues affecting the LGBTQ community, Ehrenfeld vowed to continue his fight for LGBTQ health equity, which he described as “a cause very close to my heart. I’ve been advocating on behalf of the community for over 20 years and am proud to have founded the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Program for LGBTQ Health, which offers education and training to healthcare providers on LGBTQ-specific health concerns.”

In 2018, in recognition of his outstanding research contributions, Ehrenfeld received the inaugural Sexual and Gender Minority Research Investigator Award from the director of the National Institutes of Health.

In previous interviews, Dr. Anthony Fauci has talked about the possible future of injectables as a treatment for HIV patients, and Ehrenfeld said that he and the AMA are deeply committed to stopping the spread of HIV. “Long-acting therapies will become an important tool for HIV treatment, and some are already receiving once a month treatment through injectables. But more work needs to be done — not only in finding a cure and finding better treatment options, but also to make sure that marginalized communities are receiving the proper care, and that members of these communities are getting screened for HIV on a regular basis.”

Ehrenfeld suggested that at the very least people should be getting tested once a year. “We must continue to invest in research and public education to ensure that HIV treatment is accessible and affordable to everyone who needs it.”

“And one other thing that we still need to do is to help get rid of the stigma that still exists behind the disease,” he added. “It’s so important to remember that HIV is not limited to any group of people, and the stigma that remains is an unfortunate part of its legacy. We need to do all we can to fight it.”

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Another matter that is critical to confront is the assault, by state governments, on the health of trans youth. “It is imperative that we expand, not contract, care for trans youth,” Ehrenfeld implored. “We have to reassess how we improve the quality of healthcare for trans youth and adults in the face of government intrusion into the practice of medicine.”

Ehrenfeld also said that it’s a long-standing position of the AMA to oppose any laws that limit access to medically necessary care and restrict the ability of health care professionals to care for their patients. “In the past, the AMA has also called on lawmakers to recognize the rights of patients to make their own informed decisions about their own health care needs.”

Ehrenfeld said instead of being singled out, “Transgender youth should be celebrated and embraced for their strength and courage in being their true selves. People don’t realize how much bravery that takes. They should not be ostracized or be shamed for who they are and who they feel like they should be. Our transgender youth need our support more than ever, and they need our understanding, compassion, and acceptance so that they can reach their full potential.”

Some other priorities of Ehrenfeld’s are LGBTQ youth and mental health. “LGBTQ youth face unique challenges for mental health, and more must be done to ensure that they have access to the care and support they need. We also need to better understand the mental health challenges for trans, nonbinary, and queer youth who are more likely to commit suicide than their straight peers. It’s a problem and we need to correct it.”

“We also need to reduce the stigma around mental health. These are all top priorities for the AMA and will be for me once I become president in June.”

[Source: John Casey, Advocate, April 2023]

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UK's New Alan Turing Bank Note Enters Circulation

Alan Turing's Face on £50 Note in United Kingdom

Gay Icon Alan Turing's Face Is Now on a New £50 Note in United Kingdom. Bank of England Unveils New £50 Note Featuring Alan Turing. The honor comes after he was arrested and chemically castrated for his sexuality.

The Bank of England in March 2021 unveiled their new £50 note featuring gay mathematician, cryptographer, and biologist Alan Turing. Turing was selected by public nomination in 2019 when the Bank sought to honor a British scientist on the note. Despite his instrumental contributions breaking Nazi Germany’s famed Enigma code during World War II, the heroic cryptopgrapher was later chemically castrated following his 1952 arrest for having a sexual relationship with another man.

“Turing is best known for his codebreaking work at Bletchley Park, which helped end the Second World War,” Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey said in a statement. “However in addition he was a leading mathematician, developmental biologist, and a pioneer in the field of computer science. He was also gay, and was treated appallingly as a result. By placing him on our new polymer £50 banknote, we are celebrating his achievements, and the values he symbolizes.”

“Turing was embraced for his brilliance and persecuted for being gay,” echoed GCHG Director, Jeremy Fleming. “His legacy is a reminder of the value of embracing all aspects of diversity, but also the work we still need to do to become truly inclusive.”

The new £50 polymer note features Turing’s likeness on the back along with other symbolic imagery representing his many achievements. These include images and technical drawings of his early attempt at computers along with a key component of his codebreaking machine, ticker tape depicting his birthdate in binary code, as well as a quote he gave to The Times in 1949 where he said “This is only a foretaste of what is to come, and only the shadow of what is going to be.”

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The Bank of England released a video on which featured gay author and actor Stephen Fry, who noted Turing “was among the thousands of men who were harried and harangued by the authorities” during the post-war United Kingdom, and that he was filled with delight both with the honoring of Turing but also the manner in which he was selected.

“The choice of Alan Turing and the manner in which it was arrived at by public nomination marks another step in our nation’s long overdue recognition of this very great man,” Fry said in the video.

Turing was a key visionary and pioneer in the fields of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. He was instrumental in his efforts at famed Bletchley Park just outside London where he and his team broke Nazi Germany’s Enigma code, which was thought to be unbreakable. Much of his work was covered by the Official Secrets Act at the time, and so he was never fully recognized for his contributions.

He was arrested in 1952 for homosexual activity with a consenting 19-year-old man. Given the choice between prison or chemical castration, he chose the latter. As a result of his conviction, the authorities took away his security clearance and barred him from further cryptography work for the British signals intelligence agency. He died in 1954 at the age of 41, having consumed cyanide. Turing’s life and story were famously portrayed in the 2014 film The Imitation Game staring Benedict Cumberbatch.

Fleming said he sees Turing’s appearance on the note as a “landmark moment” in his country’s history and a cause for both celebration and reflection. “Not only is it a celebration of his scientific genius which helped to shorten the war and influence the technology we still use today, it also confirms his status as one of the most iconic LGBTQ figures in the world.”

[Source: Donald Padgett, Out Magazine, March 2021]

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Famous LGBTQ Scientists, Researchers, Philosophers, Historians

Within the scientific and technical fields, many talented and noteworthy LGBTQ people can be found. They are well represented among researchers and professors. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people have made and continue to make great contributions in the fields of physics, astronomy, biology, anthropology, social and behavioral science, mathematics, aviation, engineering, medicine, economics, history, education, philosophy, and more.

Leonardo da Vinci - Italian Artist, Scientist, Engineer (15th C)

Sir Francis Bacon – English Philosopher of Science (17th C)

Alfred Kinsey - Researcher, Father of Sexology (1894-1956)

Magnus Hirschfeld - German Physician, Sexologist (1868-1935)

Florence Nightingale – British Nurse (19th C)

Alexander von Humboldt - Prussian Naturalist (19th C)

Sonja Kovalevsky - Russian Mathematician (19th C)

Alan Turing - British Mathematician (1912-1954)

Margaret Mead – American Anthropologist, Psychologist

Michael Foucault - French Philosopher, Sociologist, Educator (1926-1984)

Deirdre McCloskey - American Economist, Economic Historian

Oliver Sacks - British Neurologist, Author of "Awakenings"

Joseph Costa - America Physician, ICU Chief, Baltimore Mercy Hospital

Rachel Levine - American Physician, Pennsylvania Secretary of Health

Michael Botticelli - American Public Health Official

Martha May Eliot - American Pediatrician, Public Health Specialist

Demetre Daskalakis - American Monkeypox Response Deputy Coordinator

Suisan Love - American Physician and Breast Cancer Expert

Jane Rigby - American NASA Astronomer, Senior Project Scientist for Webb Telescope

"Once I was at the optometrist and he was measuring my ability to see colors.

And he said: The thing about biology is that nature doesn't really do binaries, only spectrums.

And I think about that a lot."
-Dr. Frizzle

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K. David Harrison: Gay Anthropologist Preserves Dying Languages

Sen. Rand Paul Questions Dr. Rachel Levine at Confirmation Hearing

Sally Ride - American Physicist, Astronaut (1951-2012)

Lynn Conway - American Professor of Engineering, Computer Science

Sam Brinton - Nuclear Science Engineer, US Energy Dept Office of Nuclear Energy

S. Josephine Baker – Physician

Allan Cox – American Geophysicist

Benjamin Banneker - American Mathematician

Dr. Jesse Ehrenfeld - President of American Medical Association

Neil Divine – American Astrophysicist

Louise Pearce – Pathologist

Jim Pollack – American Astrophysicist

K. David Harrison - American Anthropologist

Bruce Voeller – American Biologist, AIDS Researcher

Clyde Wahrhaftig - American Geologist, Environmentalist

Dean Hamer - Geneticist, Chief of Gene Structure & Regulation, National Institutes of Health

Bruce Bagemihl - Canadian Biologist

Simon LeVay – British Neuroscientist

Deirdre Downs - American Physician, Obstetrics & Gynecology

Nergis Mavalvala - Pakistani Astrophysicist

Carolyn Bertozzi - American Chemist, Nobel Prize Winner

Svante Pääbo - Swedish Scientist, Director of Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Nobel Prize Winner

Chanda Prescod-Weinstein - Astrophysicist

SJ Ralston - NASA Researcher

Fossil Daddy - US Paleontologist

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Dr. Rachel Levine: COVID 19 Hero

Rachel Levine (born 1957) is a transgender American pediatrician who has served as the Pennsylvania Secretary of Health since 2017. She also serves as Professor of Pediatrics and Psychiatry at the Penn State College of Medicine. She was previously Pennsylvania's Physician General. Levine is originally from Wakefield, Massachusetts. She is Jewish, grew up attending Hebrew School, and had a Bar Mitzvah. While growing up, she did not speak to her Rabbi about LGBTQ issues. Levine graduated from Harvard College and the Tulane University School of Medicine and completed a residency in pediatrics and fellowship in adolescent medicine at the Mount Sinai Medical Center. As the state secretary of health, she led the public health response on COVID-19 in Pennsylvania. She worked closely on a daily basis with the FEMA director and led daily press briefings. She is one of only a handful of openly transgender government officials in the United States.

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Visibility for LGBTQ STEM Workers

STEM... Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

Why is visibility for LGBTQ STEM workers so critical? A variety of studies, reports, and surveys offer a small window into the reality of the professional and academic environments—environments in which LGBTQ STEM workers face higher rates of exclusion, harassment, assault, and more than straight colleagues, and can still be legally discriminated against by employers.

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--A 2013 survey of STEM workers found that more than 40% of LGBTQ identified respondents working in STEM fields are not out to their colleagues.

--In 28 states it’s still legal for employers to discriminate against someone for their sexual or gender identity.

--A 2018 study found that undergraduate sexual minority students were 8% less likely to be retained in STEM compared to switching into a non-STEM program, but more likely to have worked in a lab than their heterosexual counterparts (an experience typically associated with retention in STEM the pipeline).

--A 2014 study of STEM faculty at universities found that 69.2% of "out" faculty members felt uncomfortable in their university department, and that those who were out were 7.2 times more likely to experience exclusionary behavior by colleagues.

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--According to the Association of American University’s Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct (2015), transgender, genderqueer, and gender-non-conforming undergraduate and graduate students reported the highest levels of on-campus sexual assault and misconduct.

--The Association of American University’s Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct reported that 60% of LGBTQ students reported incidences of sexual misconduct and harassment; comparatively, only 45% of their heterosexual classmates did the same.

--A recent report on the LGBTQ climate in physics has drawn attention to some of the major issues faced by sexual minority STEM professionals, including a heterosexist climate that reinforces gender role stereotypes in STEM work environments, a culture that requires, or at least strongly encourages, LGBTQ people to remain closeted at work, and a general lack of awareness about LGBTQ issues among STEM professionals.

--In June 2016, Chemical Engineering and News conducted an informal poll of its readers to look more closely at the experiences of LGBTQ individuals in the chemistry community. Of the 270 who responded, 44% said they had felt excluded, intimidated, or harassed at work in the course of their career.

[Source: 500 Queer Scientists]

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Astronaut Sally Ride Comes Out Posthumously

1951 - 2012

Pioneering astronaut Sally Ride, died on July 23, 2012 from pancreatic cancer, at the age of 61. Ride, who relished privacy as much as she did adventure, chose an appropriately discreet manner of coming out. At the end of an obituary that she co-wrote with her partner, Tam O'Shaughnessy, they disclosed to the world their relationship of 27 years. That was it. As details trickled out after Ride's death, it became clear that a circle of family, friends and co-workers had long known of the same-sex relationship and embraced it. For many millions of others, who admired Ride as the first American woman in space, it was a revelation. And it sparked a spirited discussion about privacy vs. public candor in regard to sexual orientation.

Episcopal Bishop Gene Robinson of New Hampshire, who in 2003 became the first openly gay bishop in the Anglican world, noted that both he and Ride were baby boomers who grew up "in a time when coming out was almost unthinkable." Robinson is 65. Ride was 61 when she died of pancreatic cancer. "For girls who had an interest in science and wanted to go places women had not been allowed to go, she was a tremendous role model," Robinson said Wednesday. "The fact that she chose to keep her identity as a lesbian private, I honor that choice." However, Robinson said he had a different standard for younger gays, to the point of insisting that his own clergy in New Hampshire be open about their sexuality if they are gay or lesbian. "While there is still discrimination and coming out will still have repercussions, the effect of those repercussions are vastly reduced now," Robinson said. "I believe that times have changed."

There's no question that gays and lesbians overall are coming out now at a higher rate and an earlier age than those of previous generations. According to the LGBTQ Movement Advancement Project, adults aged 30-54 are 16 times more likely to be closeted than those under 30. Fred Sainz, the Human Rights Campaign's vice president for communications, said his initial reaction to the revelation about Sally Ride was, "What a shame that we didn't learn this while she was alive." "However, the fact it was acknowledged in death will be an incredibly powerful message to all Americans about the contributions of their LGBTQ counterparts," Sainz said. "The completeness of her life will be honored correctly."

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Wikipedia: Sally Ride

Sally Ride Science

Remembering Sally Ride

Sally Kristen Ride (May 26, 1951 – July 23, 2012) was an American physicist and astronaut. Ride joined NASA in 1978, and in 1983 became famous as the first American woman to enter space, part of the crew of the space shuttle Challenger. As of 2012, Ride also remains the youngest American astronaut to be launched into space at the age of 32. In 1987, she left NASA to work at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Arms Control.

Sally Ride, America's first lady in space, will be remembered as a reluctant celebrity who cared deeply about the nation's space program and devoted her post-NASA career to keeping middle-school kids (especially girls) hooked on science, math, technology and engineering. Ride, 61, died after a 17-month battle with pancreatic cancer. Her death came 29 years and a month after she broke a gender barrier by launching into space aboard shuttle Challenger.

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Sally Ride Science

She is also remembered as a loving partner to Tam O'Shaughnessy, with her for 27 years. Ride is survived by her partner of more than two decades, Tam O'Shaughnessy; her mother, Joyce; her sister, Bear; her niece, Caitlin; and nephew, Whitney; as well as her staff of 40 at Sally Ride Science. O'Shaughnessy, at Ride's side during the astronaut's lengthy battle with pancreatic cancer, co-authored four books with Ride and is a professor emerita of school psychology at San Diego State University, and chief operating officer and executive vice president of Ride's foundation, Sally Ride Science.

In Ride's death, many are asking: Who is Tam O'Shaughnessy? The answer is someone who closely shared Ride's passion for science and space. O'Shaughnessy "helped found Sally Ride Science because of her long-standing commitment to science education and her recognition of the importance of supporting girls' interests in science. She finds her work with Sally Ride Science irresistible."

"Ride lived her life to the fullest, with boundless energy, curiosity, intelligence, passion, joy, and love," friends wrote in a statement posted on the website of her business, Sally Ride Science. "Her integrity was absolute; her spirit was immeasurable; her approach to life was fearless." Ride became a household name when she rocketed into orbit on June 18, 1983. But she never was at ease with fame. "Sally was a very private person who found herself a very public persona. It was a role in which she was never fully comfortable," said fellow US astronaut Steve Hawley, who was married to Ride from 1982 through 1987.

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Big Bang Theory: Sheldon Cooper

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The hugely successful Big Bang Theory television series aired on CBS from 2007 to 2019, having broadcast 279 episodes over 12 seasons. It followed the lives of four nerdy, socially awkward scientists, Sheldon, Leonard, Howard, and Raj. It was the most-watched comedy on television and was loved for its oddball characters and geeky references.

Sheldon Cooper is often regarded as the show's big break-out character. The character was played by the very talented actor Jim Parsons, who is openly gay. The character of Sheldon was not played as gay, but he was a very well-versed PhD-level scientist known for his social awkwardness, arrogance, and sarcasm. Parsons was so convincing in his role as Sheldon that many viewers believed he was every bit as smart (and quirky) as Sheldon.

Viewers of the series were inundated with lots of physics jargon. Most episodes included a whiteboard with scientific equations that could be seen in the background of Leonard (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon’s (Jim Parsons) apartment.

About Big Bang Theory

IMDB: Big Bang Theory

Biographical Notes: Jim Parsons

IMDB: Jim Parsons

And the producers would want you to know that all of the science on The Big Bang Theory TV series is entirely real. UCLA Physics professor Dr. David Saltzberg worked as a science consultant on the show since 2007. Saltzberg did everything from calculating science experiments for the crew to checking the accuracy of jokes on the series. The professor’s job also included reviewing unfinished scripts that contain brackets reading “Insert Science Here.”

Saltzberg says he landed the role after receiving a call from a friend who’s an astrophysicist at University of Hawaii saying sitcom creators were searching for a physicist. “If we’re going to write about geniuses, we better damn well have one around,” said co-creator Chuck Lorre. "He makes sure the whiteboards are correct. For every new episode, they’re covered by a fresh scrawl of formulas dreamed up by Saltzberg and admired by physicists for their scrupulous accuracy.”

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Biographical Notes: Lynn Conway

Lynn Conway: Computer Scientist and Engineer

Lynn Ann Conway (born 1938) is a transgender American computer scientist, electrical engineer, inventor, and activist. Conway is notable for a number of pioneering achievements, including the Mead & Conway revolution in VLSI design, which incubated an emerging electronic design automation industry. She worked at IBM in the 1960s and is credited with the invention of generalized dynamic instruction handling, a key advance used in out-of-order execution, used by most modern computer processors to improve performance.

Conway grew up in White Plains, New York (dn Robert). Conway was shy and experienced gender dysphoria as a child. She became fascinated and engaged by astronomy (building a 150 mm reflector telescope one summer) and did well in math and science in high school. Conway entered MIT in 1955, earning high grades but ultimately leaving in despair after an attempted gender transition in 1957–58 failed due to the medical climate at the time. After working as an electronics technician for several years, Conway resumed education at Columbia University's School of Engineering and Applied Science, earning BS and MSEE degrees in 1962 and 1963. After learning of the pioneering research of Harry Benjamin in treating transsexual women and realizing that genital affirmation surgery was now possible, Conway sought his help and became his patient. After suffering from severe depression from gender dysphoria, Conway contacted Benjamin, who agreed to provide counseling and prescribe hormones. Under Benjamin's care, Conway began her medical gender transition.

While struggling with life in a male role, Conway had been married to a woman and had two children. Under the legal constraints then in place, after transitioning she was denied access to their children. Although she had hoped to be allowed to transition on the job, IBM fired Conway in 1968 after she revealed her intention to transition to a female gender role. In 1987, Conway met her husband Charles "Charlie" Rogers, a professional engineer who shares her interest in the outdoors, including whitewater canoeing and motocross racing. In August 2002, they were married in Michigan.

IEEE Award: Lynn Conway

Lynn Conway's Webpage

Lynn Conway: Most Successful Transgender Scientist in the World

Deirdre Downs: Physician and Miss America Titleholder

Deidre Downs is an American physician and former beauty pageant titleholder. Downs was Miss Alabama 2004 and later was crowned Miss America 2005.

After graduating from Pelham High School (Alabama) in 1998, Downs attended the University of Virginia on a volleyball scholarship. While at the University of Virginia, she was an Echols Scholar and a member of the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society. After her freshman year of college at the University of Virginia, Downs chose to focus on her studies and aspiration to go to medical school and ultimately transferred to Samford University (Birmingham, Ala). Her transfer resulted in her losing her scholarship, so she began competing in local pageants to earn scholarship money. She graduated magna cum laude in 2002 from Samford University with a degree in history and a double-minor in biology and chemistry. She was also a finalist for the Rhodes Scholarship in 2002.

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Bio: Deidre Downs

Baptist News Global: Former Miss America Marries Same Sex Partner

Downs was crowned Miss Alabama 2004. She was Alabama's representative at the Miss America 2005 competition held in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Her platform was "Curing Childhood Cancer." She won that pageant and was was crowned Miss America 2005.

After completing her stint as Miss America, she began medical school at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine. She received her Doctor of Medicine in 2010 and then completed her residency in obstetrics and gynecology at the UAB Medical Center in 2014. She continued her education at the UAB Medical Center and completed her fellowship in reproductive endocrinology and infertility in 2017.

Downs married Abbott Jones in 2018 in a private ceremony in Birmingham, Alabama. Her wife is an attorney and writer. Downs is the first former Miss America national titleholder to enter a same-sex marriage.

Downs is a Physician in Obstetrics and Gynecology (Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility) and currently employed at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center.

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Sir Isaac Newton: Most Influential Scientist

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was an asexual English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author. He was described as a "natural philosopher" who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus. Among many other impressive feats, Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation (observing an apple falling from a tree) that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to prove Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena.

Biographical Notes: Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton Institute: Isaac Newton's Life

The Newton Project: Isaac Newton's Personal Life

Biography: Isaac Newton

Newton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. He was a devout but unorthodox Christian. Newton served two brief terms as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge. He was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 and spent the last three decades of his life in London, serving as Warden and Master of the Royal Mint, and president of the Royal Society.

According to popular legend, while on his deathbed, Newton confessed that he had never "known" a woman. This has generally been interpreted that he died a virgin. The general consensus is that Newton was completely asexual, with no sexual interest in women or men, shunning physical affection and preferring to make himself intimate with the workings of the universe than with another human being. While in his later life he received countless awards and much adulation for his scientific discoveries and publications, this didn’t translate into popularity or even love. Newton was famously reclusive and private and did interact with other people, women or men. According to some biographer’s Newton was simply too busy to pursue romantic liaisons. He himself famously remarked: “If I have ever made any valuable discoveries, it has been due more to patient attention, than to any other talent.” However, it seems more likely he was simply asexual.

National Organization of Gay & Lesbian Scientists & Technical Professionals
LGBTQ Leaders Reinventing Science and Technology

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Closeted LGBTQ Scientists

Many talented lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) scientists feel they must keep their cover to escape overt and covert discrimination. There is still much homophobia and heterosexism in the technical fields.

While there are many openly gay men and women in the sciences, there are many more that choose to remain in the closet in order to keep their place in the laboratory. We may commonly think of academics as a liberal, open-minded lot, but lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer scientists have had as rocky a road to acceptance in the scientific community as they've had in other segments of society. Even in modern-day academia, LGBTQ scientists may feel reluctant to come out even to co-workers or superiors, not knowing whether they'll be met with support or scorn.

These issues are being increasingly talked about and exposed by authors and researchers and in settings like the Out to Innovate Career Summit in 2010 held by the National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists & Technical Professionals (NOGLSTP).

NOGLSTP is an association of scientific and technical professionals who earn their livings in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, geography, archeology, neurobiology, meteorology, oceanography, medical technology, physics, electrical engineering, biochemistry, zoology, psychobiology, computer science, epidemiology, microbiology, environmental science, linguistics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, science education, sociology, astronomy, botany, molecular biology, anthropology, law, aerospace engineering, science policy, physiology, ecology, patent law, geology, health professions, mathematics and more. Their membership includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer professionals and their allies. They advocate equal employment opportunity, professional networking, role modeling, science education, and scientific freedom and responsibility. They practice science, technology, engineering, and mathematics with pride.

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National Organization of Gay & Lesbian Scientists & Technical Professionals
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National Gay Pilots Association
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LGBTQ Pilots

The NGPA is the largest organization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender aviation professionals and enthusiasts from around the world. Since 1990, their mission has been simple: to build, support, and unite the LGBTQ aviation community worldwide.

It’s a fair assumption that reprogramming the culture of any trillion-dollar juggernaut industry would be a steep climb. But according to insiders, aviation is one of those industries that continues to make genuine strides toward inclusivity, showing fervid support for the LGBTQ community in particular. Of course, it wasn’t always that way. The aviation landscape has long been dominated by cis-gendered white men, who traditionally valued a consumer base that looked a whole lot like fellow executives perched up in their corporate cockpits.
Luckily it seems as if this insular mindset is running out of fuel.

With the rise of gay rights movements worldwide, aviation companies have stepped up as some of the most vocal supporters of queer causes, promising workspace equality and getting involved with the community to assuaging doubts that’s it’s all just rainbow-washing to profit off Pride Month.

Among the most formidable driving forces push for inclusivity in aviation are organizations run by the very people fighting for equality on the ground... and in the air. Since it was founded in 1990, the National Gay Pilot Association has become the largest and most influential group of LGBTQ professionals and enthusiasts in the world. But NGPA is much more than just a tight-knit community of like-minded aviation nerds who also happen to be queer. The nonprofit strives to make a long-lasting difference through its Inclusion Training Team, a volunteer-based brigade that partners with myriad companies around the globe to develop impactful awareness initiatives and facilitate how inclusive themes can be incorporated into existing workplace training programs.

NGPA’s standout work with brands like United Airlines and WheelsUp is a harbinger of a new era in LGBTQ friendly aviation. “Including a rainbow flag in branding is not enough to engage this consumer,” said Thomas Fry, the director of growth marketing and public relations at Wheels Up, the second-largest private aircraft operator in the US. Fry contends that members of the LGTBQ community are among the savviest consumers in the marketplace when it comes to corporate social responsibility, and they know authenticity when they see it. “LGBTQ campaigns must support and give back to the community in some way,” he added.

Fry, along with the company’s first-ever chief growth officer Stephanie Chung (she was also the first African-American president of a major private aviation company when she landed her previous role at JetSuite, now Superior Air Charter), brought forth numerous unprecedented efforts to spotlight Wheels Up’s commitment to the community, like the first-ever photoshoot that featured LGBTQ talent and a formal partnership with the International LGBTQ Travel Association (IGTLA). “Having the consumer see themselves in an authentic way is so important for building brand preference, trust, and loyalty,” he said. “This is a strong signal that we are creating a safe space and are committed to supporting the community.”

Diversity initiatives at Wheels Up come from the inside out. The company is also amplifying proactive recruiting to diversify its candidate pipeline, teaming up with organizations like the NGPA, the Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals, and Women in Aviation International. It’s not only the right thing to do, but it’s arguably good for business. Over the last few years, the purchasing power of the LGBTQ community has become so robust that the term “pink money” was created to spotlight the untapped potential of this high-spending demographic.

To better understand the target customer, Fry looks forward to the 2020 United States census results, which was the first census to include a question on LGBTQ identity. “The LGBTQ community spends nearly $100 billion in annual domestic travel and makes up approximately seven to thirteen percent of the population. With the new census, we will have much greater accuracy in terms of data,” Fry explained. “If you include those who identify as a member of the community along with allies, we make up a substantial percentage of the population.”

According to Fry, on average, every member of the queer community has three to four straight allies joining them in their efforts to fight for equality and representation. “We know the younger the person, the more likely they are to identify as LGBTQ or consider themselves an ally,” he said. “With the growth of this segment and the impact in the business opportunity, we know that sending a message of inclusion to this community presents a win-win scenario for us all.”

There’s no better way to gain trust from LGBTQ consumers than listening to community members who are proud to work for a progressive aviation company.

Mark Terzano, a flight attendant for Delta Air Lines, has been obsessed with aviation ever since he was a young boy when he would zip around his house acting like he was an airplane, pin his sketches of airplanes onto the walls, and pretend to be a pilot with his little sister as the first officer. However, it wasn’t until after he kicked off a job in fashion that he realized an aviation career was really what he desired. After five years with Delta, Terzano can’t imagine doing anything else. He’s even on track to obtain his pilot’s license with the company’s support.

“Who knows what the future holds? All I know for sure is that you’ll find me in the sky for years to come,” he reflected. “What I love about this job is that it is very accepting, no matter who you are. Being gay is not a rarity in this industry. I’ve found that it doesn’t matter if you’re gay, straight, bi, or transgender, just as long as we all get our work done, drama-free.”

Still, there’s always a possibility to encounter homophobic microaggressions or flat-out discrimination from passengers in a service-oriented role. “You see them all, and you deal with them all,” Terzano said. “When you interact with people from different cultural, political, and religious backgrounds, having humor and wit along with an unwavering sense of seriousness helps when you land in an uncomfortable situation.”

He recalled a particular experience that began as his crew rushed to close the cabin on the last flight of the day to a Florida city when a passenger muttered “faggot” under his breath as he was boarding. Caught off guard, Terzano collected himself, then approached the unruly man. “I just kindly looked at him and asked where he was going,” he said. “The guy looked a little confused as he answered ‘Florida, duh,’ to which I responded with a smile, ‘Did you still want to go? Because that kind of language is unacceptable on this plane. Unless your behavior changes real quick, you might not make it to Florida tonight.’ He later apologized and kept quiet the whole flight.”

Ultimately, what Terzano most appreciates about his job is the open-minded mentality of his coworkers and the aviation industry as a whole. Whenever uncomfortable situations arise, he knows that his fellow crewmembers will have his back, from the pilots to the gate agents and even the company at large. “I think the LGBTQ community is so large in the aviation industry that it would be wrong for the airlines to not support us,” he said. “That’s what is so great about this industry. You work with so many different types of people: queer people, straight people, transgender people, religious people, people from all over the world, and all different walks of life. The more people you meet, you realize that we really are all more similar than we are different.” It’s an “aha” moment sweeter than a free upgrade to first class.

[Source: Paul Jebara, June 2021]

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